Handbook for engendering the reconstruction process in Syria

Post-conflict reconstruction is a very complex and intricate process. It usually takes place in the context of widespread human, infrastructural and institutional destruction, and requires rebuilding together the torn pieces of the country—politically, socially and economically. Reconstruction does not only mean reconstruction of the infrastructure, but also reconstruction of the State, institutions, laws, systems, as well as the reconstruction of the individual, society and the social contract. Therefore, reconstruction is not merely a technical process; it is mainly a political one, requiring social, legal and institutional transformations, including transitional justice, accountability and national reconciliation.

Engendering reconstruction is an essential step towards achieving equality between women and men. The discriminatory laws, policies and practices that existed prior to the conflict and contributed to deepening gender inequalities cannot be reproduced or incorporated within the new reconstructed system. Reconstruction should be based on equality, justice, non-discrimination and equal citizenship. Engendering reconstruction requires introducing political, legal, economic and social reforms, as well as ensuring that women participate effectively in all phases and at all levels of reconstruction.

The purpose of this handbook is to provide a comprehensive reading of gender-sensitive reconstruction and to outline the main principles and frameworks necessary for integrating a gender perspective in all reconstruction processes. It aims to identify the gaps, challenges and opportunities related to women’s rights and gender equality in the context of reconstruction and to present a set of recommendations that respond to the needs and priorities of Syrian women.

This handbook is based on a desk review of the most important literature on gender-sensitive reconstruction and on previous work undertaken by the EuroMed Feminist Initiative (EFI). It provides an overview of the fundamental components of gender-sensitive reconstruction, such as constitutional reform, legal reform, labour rights, political participation, decentralisation and local governance, security sector reform, social protection, and addressing violence against women and girls.

This handbook does not claim to be comprehensive or exhaustive. Rather, it highlights the main aspects and issues related to gender-sensitive reconstruction in Syria, based on expert consultation and available materials. It is designed to be a practical tool for decision makers, civil society organisations, researchers, donors and all actors working on reconstruction in Syria.